vsFTP管理

vsFTP(3.0.2) 在設定上,鳥哥已經寫的非常非常清楚了,所以,towns 只在這裡補充一些特別的問題及設定

1. 鎖定使者只能讀取自己的家目錄

在vsftp 3.0版以前,鎖定使者只能讀取自己的家目錄,只需設定 chroot_local_user=YES,在3.0版之後,必需加上allow_writeable_chroot=YES,這時就能正常存取家目錄了

參考資料:
鳥哥的Linux私房菜 -- 第二十一章、檔案伺服器之三:FTP 伺服器
就愛新鮮物 -- 關於refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()目題處理
http://ifresh.cc/solution-to-vsftpd-refusing-to-run-with-writable-root-inside-chroot  


2. 關閉IPv6 監聽

在3.0 版後,如果要設定為 standalone 模式(listen=YES),IPv6 監聽則必需關閉(listen_ipv6=NO),否則會無法啟動 vsFTP。如果要兩個同時監聽,listen=NO、listen_ipv6=YES

參考資料:
man_vsftpd.conf


3. FTP 主動(Active)與被動(Passive)模式(待修改)

主動模式:由Client 端發出資料傳送連接資訊,且Server 端主動開20埠接受,而Client 端則使用隨機埠
被動模式:Client 發出PASV,Server 端提供資料傳送接埠資訊,Client 傳送資料時,就請求使用這連接埠
使用被動模式時當Server 端在防火牆中,Client 在防火牆中時,都可正常連線
使用主動模式時當Client 在防火牆中,都會因為請求額外連接埠而造成無法連線的問題

註1:當連接FTP 產生檔案列表時,也會發生這種情形,所以在防火牆下使用 Active 模式,會發生無法列表的情形
註2:在發生傳送資料失敗時,Server 端會再提供一組+1的序號,請Client 端使用新的連接埠與Server 連接

處理方式:
1. 開啟 vsFTP 設定檔中 pasv_enable=YES
2. 設定 pasv 的 port 範圍
pasv_min_port=60000
pasv_max_port=60200

參考資料:保哥
http://blog.miniasp.com/post/2008/06/29/FTP-Protocol-Definitive-Explanation.aspx 


4. 參數設定問題

vsFTP 的參數,有部份是有連動性的,如 ftp_data_port 要有效,connect_from_port_20 必需要enable

 


5. 參數說明

listen_port = 1234 <== 指定使用連接埠 1234
pasv_enable=YES <== 強制使用被動模式
pasv_min_port=40000 <== 被動模式伺服器開啟最小 port
pasv_max_port=40010 <== 被動模式伺服器開啟最大 port
註1:min、max 主要是在設定被動模式伺服器開放的連接埠區
註2:開啟被動模式並指定 port 範圍時,client 端如果在防火牆之下,也需要開這一段 port

參考資料:
凡大口述
man_vsftpd.conf


6. vsftpd Over SSL/TLS 使用加密傳輸

 

參考資料:
ishm 大大文章
https://ishm.idv.tw/archives/379


7.

/etc/vsftpd.conf
/etc/ftpusers <== 拒絕存取列表 


8. 參考設定值
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#er_config_dir When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=002
#local_umask=077
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux /is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
nopriv_user=nobody
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
#local_root=/home/
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
tcp_wrappers=YES
######20190215##########
syslog_enable=YES
log_ftp_protocol=YES
setproctitle_enable=YES
######################
one_process_model=NO
use_localtime=YES

#pasv_enable=YES

allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#user_sub_token=$USER

ssl_enable=YES
#ssl_tlsv1_2=YES
ssl_tlsv1_1=NO
ssl_tlsv1=NO
ssl_sslv2=NO
ssl_sslv3=NO
rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/SSL/2023/abc.com.tw.crt
#rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/SSL/abc.com.tw.pem
#rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/SSL/abc.com.tw.2020.pem
#rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/SSL/abc.com.tw.pem
#rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/SSL/abc.com.tw.2020.pem
#rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certificate.pem
#rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/private.pem
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
require_ssl_reuse=NO
ssl_ciphers=HIGH
listen_port=1234
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=40200
debug_ssl=YES

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